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Tropical Storm Zelda (1991)
Severe Tropical Storm Zelda was the last storm of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season. A disturbance formed near the International Date Line, and strengthened into a tropical depression on November 27. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that the depression had reached tropical storm intensity, thus naming it Zelda. The storm quickly strengthened into a Category 1 typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale near the Marshall Islands on November 29. It reached peak of , with a barometric pressure of . The tropical storm traveled northwestward, and later northeastward. Zelda soon weakened into a tropical storm, and then a tropical depression. The JTWC discontinued warnings on December 4, while the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) continued to track the storm until it crossed the International Date Line again on December 7.
Zelda caused significant damage to the Marshall Islands. Operations at Kwajalein Missile Range were disrupted severely. About 60 percent of homes were destroyed in Ebeye, leaving 6,000 people without residence. Nearly all crops on the islands were destroyed, and food and other supplies were contaminated by salt. No deaths or injuries were reported. Later in December, President George H. W. Bush declared the storm to be a major disaster, allowing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to assist. The Marshall Islands also requested funds from other countries.
==Meteorological history==
In late November, a circulation was generated near the International Date Line by westerly winds. It was included in the Significant Tropical Weather Advisory at 0600 UTC on November 25. Vertical wind shear prevented strengthening at first, but the disturbance later continued to develop. A tropical cyclone formation alert soon followed from the JTWC.〔 JMA started tracking the disturbance at 0600 UTC on November 27, and JTWC issued their first warning 18 hours later on the depression, naming it 31W. The depression quickly intensified, and it became a tropical storm at 0000 UTC on November 28 for JTWC, with winds of . Operationally, the storm was upgraded twenty-four hours later, after Kwajalein received stronger winds than expected.〔 JMA upgraded the storm at 0300 UTC on November 29.〔 The tropical storm received the name ''Zelda''.〔 JMA upgraded Zelda to a severe tropical storm eighteen hours later.〔 Zelda rapidly intensified into a Category 1 typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale at 1200 UTC of November 29, with winds of , near the Marshall Islands.〔 At that time, JMA kept it as a tropical storm with winds of , with a pressure reading of .〔
JMA estimated Zelda has reached peak around 0600 UTC on November 30 at , with a barometric pressure of .〔 Six hours later, JTWC reported the storm has reached the peak of , west of Enewetak. Later, a trough created by Typhoon Yuri caused the subtropical ridge to weaken, allowing Zelda to move northward.〔 By December 1, the storm began to weaken and turned northeast. On December 2, JMA reported the storm had weaken to ,〔 and JTWC weakened it to . The storm weakened below Category 1 typhoon strength on 1800 UTC of the same day, with winds of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1991/1991s-bwp/bwp311991.txt )〕 Upper-level winds soon increased, and Zelda's central convection became sheared.〔 JMA downgraded Zelda to a tropical storm on December 3, and to a tropical depression later that day.〔 A few hours later, JTWC downgraded the storm to a tropical depression, as it turned slightly northwestward, something they did not expect.〔 The circulation detached from the frontal cloud line, and JTWC issued the last warning of the year.〔 The depression turned back northeastward, and JMA stopped tracking just past the International Date Line on December 7.〔
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